Since all softwares have built in tools, which provides a great aid to a user to work with it, so do Matlab has. They provide access to additional mathematical function library on specific topics. In all Matlab provides 38 toolboxes which provide a flexible handling with software.The following are some of the toolboxes viz.

• Ø  Communications toolbox
• Ø  Control System toolbox
• Ø  DSP Blockset
• Ø  Symbolic Math Toolbox
• Ø  Aerospace Toolbox
• Ø  Bioinformatics Toolbox
• Ø  Computer Vision Toolbox
• Ø  Fuzzy logic Toolbox
• Ø  Financial Toolbox
• Ø  OPC Toolbox
• Ø  Robust Control Toolbox
• Ø  Curve Fitting Toolbox
• Ø  Data Acquisition Toolbox
• Ø  Datafeed Toolbox
• Ø  Optimization Toolbox
• Ø  Neural Network Toolbox
• Ø  Mapping Toolbox
• Ø  Model Predictive Toolbox
• Ø  Simulink
• Ø  Curve Fitting Toolbox
• Ø  Image Processing Toolbox
• Ø  Image Acquisition Toolbox
• Ø  Filter Design Toolbox
• Ø  Database Toolbox
• Ø  Econometrics Toolbox
• Ø  Embedded IDE Link CC
• Ø  Filter Design Toolbox
• Ø  Fixed- Point Toolbox
• Ø  Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search Toolbox
• Ø  Signal Processing toolbox….

and many more……

Cant include all the toolboxes but don’t worry , will let you know when the appropriate time comes.

As you can notice that almost all kind of the toolbox are present in Matlab, which you can think. Please don’t be scared with the names of the toolboxes because as we will move ahead in our tutorials, you will have a great fun working with this toolboxes….

Hope to see you in next tutorial..!!!

Written By,
Student @ VIT University

The video shows how to make up a cable to connect a 9V battery to an Arduino Uno.

A 2.1mm barrel connector is soldered to a battery clip with the positive (red) wire connected to the centre of the barrel connector.

The pre-loaded blink program starts working, when connected or powered up!

The voltage of the battery will be about 9V if six 1.5V cells are used in the battery holder. If rechargeable cells are used, the battery will produce about 7.2V.

The boot loader comes preloaded in the arduino AVR IC.

But Some time we need to update it, or change it, so lets see the procedure of that.

The Bootloader actually allows us to load /program code/sketch to the Arduino board via the USB.

The Video Shows How to burn the bootloader in your arduino UNO board. But the procedure is same for other board too. 

You may need to replace your Arduino UNO Microcontroller IC with a new one, if the old one has blown up due to over heating or due to any other cause it is not working. Arduino Uno is with an ATMEGA328P MCU IC in DIP[Dual Inline Package] form & you just need to replace it with the same kind of IC. Just search over any online vendor, or even to the local market, you will surely get one in cheaper price. The Exact part number is "ATMEGA328P-PU".

 The Video Iillustrate How to Replace your MCU IC in Arduino UNO.

While Extraction of the Old MCU IC

Even if you have an IC extraction tool as shown in this video, you need to use a screwdriver with a flat sharp edge in order to take out the old MCU chip.Use the screwdriver to gently lift an end of the IC at a time until there is enough space to fit the IC extraction tool on both sides of the IC.

CAUTION: Lifting either end of the IC too high will result in the pins at the opposite end getting bent.

Fixing the New Microcontroller IC

The new microcontroller pins are bent at an angle as shown on the left of the image below.

Comparing the Pins of New & Old IC, ATMEGA328P-PU

The new IC on the left has pins bent outward, the used IC on the right has pins pointing straight down

Bend the pins inward one side at a time by lying the IC on its side, pressing down and rolling slightly towards the tips of the pins. This will make it possible to insert the IC into the IC socket.

When inserting the IC into the socket, make sure that you insert the IC the correct way around. Pin 1 of the IC is shown in the photo below.

Arduino UNO, with ATMEGA328P-PU Pin 1 indicated

After placing the new microcontroller IC into the Arduino Uno board, it is necessary to load the bootloader to the new Microcontroller. Just go to Arduino IDE & use the option of "Burn Bootloader".

Click Here to view information about all other official Arduino boards available in the market.

Linux distributions like as Ubuntu and Debian have the Arduino software available in their repositories (e.g. from the Software Center in Ubuntu). You can readily download them from there.

https://apps.ubuntu.com/ & http://packages.debian.org/stable/ or though arduino's website http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

Installing Arduino Software IDE on Linux ( Debian & Ubuntu)

Linux: Installing Arduino IDE

New Arduino Installation

If its a fresh install, then you will need to make sure that the dependencies for running the software are met.

On an Ubuntu system, the only dependencies necessary, is to have the JRE (Java Run-time Environment) in & the GCC AVR compiler tools installed. As of Arduino software version 1.0.1, the GCC AVR compiler tools are included with the downloaded Arduino software, so it is no longer necessary to install the GCC AVR compiler, only the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is needed.

The Java Runtime may already be installed on your system, but if it is not, then when you try to run the Arduino software, it will not even start. You will need to install Java, such as OpenJDK Java 7 Runtime. http://openjdk.java.net/install/‎ , install it from the Software Center.

Or If You Like to work from commands, so from a terminal window, it can be installed using the following command:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre

After it being installed, it is just a matter of downloading the Arduino software, extract the folder from the download and then copy it to a suitable location such in your desktop. Open the folder & double-click the arduino file to start the Arduino IDE.

Note that your user account must be added to the 'dialout' group to be able to upload sketches to the Arduino (dialout helps in serial communication, & the codes are uploaded serially in the arduino board). After adding yourself to the dialout group, you will need restart the computer.

Updating Already Installed Arduino

Just download the newest version of the software from the Arduino website & then extract it to the folder from the downloaded zipped file. To run Arduino, open the folder and double-click the arduino file. And Click Run or Execute.

Further Information on Installing Arduino Software on Linux

For more details on Arduino software installation on a Linux system as well as links to information on installing the software on distributions besides Ubuntu & Debian, see the Installing Arduino on Linux page on the official Arduino website.