Matlab Installation.....Some steps to follow and that's all...


Before you run the installer:
  • Have your File Installation Key and License File handy. You need both these items to perform an off-network installation and activation.
    The File Installation Key identifies the products you can install. The License File activates the installation, identifying which products you can run. The administrator contact on the license can retrieve the File Installation Key and License File by going to the License Center at the MathWorks Web site.
  • Make sure you have the correct permissions to perform the installation. If you have questions about this, ask your system administrator.


      Note:   While you use an administrator account or root privileges to install the software, you typically do not want to activate the software for a privileged user. Specify the non-privileged end user who will use the software when you activate it. Running MATLAB as a user with administrator privileges or root privileges is not recommended.
    • Windows Systems — Get the name and password of the administrator account on your computer. The installer modifies the system registry during installation.
    • Linux Systems — Get the root password. You can install MATLAB® software without superuser privileges, however, it limits certain installation options. For example, if you want to setup symbolic links to the matlab command, install product files in a protected folder, or edit the system boot script, you must have superuser status.
    • Macintosh Systems — Get the name and password of the administrator account on your computer. The administrator account is the user account you set up when you configured your Macintosh system; this is not your MathWorks Account. During installation, you must enter this name and password in the Authenticate dialog box, shown below.
  • Consider disabling virus-checking software and Internet security applications on your system for the duration of the installation process. These applications can slow down the installation process or cause it to appear unresponsive (or to hang).
If you have an Internet connection, follow the instructions in Install MathWorks Software. MathWorks recommends installing and activating using an Internet connection.
You can use this procedure to install one of the standalone or network license options. If you use this with a network license option, you must specify the License File path and choose whether to configure the license manager. See Install the License Manager on a Server for more information about these additional steps.

Step 1: Start the Installer


The method you use to start the installer depends on your platform.
  • Windows — Insert the DVD into the DVD drive connected to your system or double-click the installer file you downloaded from the MathWorks Web site. The installer should start automatically.
  • Macintosh — Insert the MathWorks® DVD into the DVD drive connected to your system or download product files from the MathWorks Web site. When the DVD icon appears on the desktop, double-click the icon to display the DVD contents, and then double-click theInstallForMacOSX icon to begin the installation.
  • Linux — Insert the DVD into the DVD drive connected to your system and execute the following command:
    /path_to_dvd/install &
    If you are installing from downloaded files, extract the installer from the archive file and execute the installer command:
    ./install
    
    Depending on how your system is configured, you might have to mount the DVD first. Make sure you mount it with execute permissions, as in the following example. Note that the name of the DVD drive might be different on your system.
    mount -o exec  /media/cdrom0
    

Step 2: Choose to Install Without Using the Internet


If you do not have an Internet connection, select the Install without using the Internet option and click Next.

Step 3: Review the License Agreement


Review the software license agreement and, if you agree with the terms, select Yes and click Next.
After the installation is complete, you can view or print the license agreement using the file license.txt located in the top-level installation folder.

Step 4: Specify the File Installation Key


If you do not have an Internet connection, and choose to install manually, the installer displays the File Installation Key dialog box. A File Installation Key identifies the products you can install.
If you have the key, select the I have the File Installation Key for my license option, enter the File Installation Key, and click Next. The administrator contact on a license can retrieve the File Installation Key from the License Center at the MathWorks Web site.
If you do not have the key, select the I do not have the File Installation Key option and click Next. The installer will provide you with the information you need to get a key.

If You Do Not Have the File Installation Key


The Installation and Activation Next Steps dialog box contains the information you need to retrieve your File Installation Key from the License Center at the MathWorks Web site. This information includes:
  • Host ID
  • Release number (for example, R2013a)
  • Operating system user name (Note that user names are case-sensitive in activation.)
To get your File Installation Key:
  1. Remember the information displayed in this dialog box and click Finish to exit the installer. On Windows and Linux systems, you can click Print to print out the information.
  2. Go to a computer with an Internet connection and log in to your account at the MathWorks Web site.
  3. Visit the License Center and enter the information from this dialog box. MathWorks uses this information to generate a File Installation Key and License File for your license.
  4. Return to your computer and re-run the installer. With the File Installation Key and a License File, you can install and activate the software without an Internet connection.

Step 5: Choose the Installation Type

In the Installation Type dialog box, specify whether you want to perform a Typical or Custom installation and click Next.
  • Choose Typical if you have an Individual or Group license and do not need to specify which products you want to install and do not need to access any installation options.
  • Choose Custom if you need to specify which products to install, need access to installation options, or need to install the license manager (network license options only).
If you choose a Typical installation, the installer skips the product selection and installation options steps.

Step 6: Specify the Installation Folder


Specify the name of the folder where you want to install MathWorks products. Accept the default installation folder or click Browse to select a different one. If the folder doesn't exist, the installer creates it.
On Macintosh systems, the installer puts the MATLAB application package, MATLAB_R2013a.app, in the Applications folder, by default.
When specifying a folder name, you can use any alphanumeric character and some special characters, such as underscores. The installer tells you if the name you specified includes any characters that are not permitted in folder names. If you make a mistake while entering a folder name and want to start over, click Restore Default Folder. After making your selection, click Next.

Step 7: Specify Products to Install (Custom Only)


If you are performing a custom installation, you can specify which products you want to install in the Product Selection dialog box. This dialog box lists all the products associated with the license you selected or with the Activation Key you specified. In the dialog box, all the products are preselected for installation. If you do not want to install a particular product, clear the check box next to its name.
After selecting the products you want to install, click Next to continue with the installation.

Step 8: Specify Installation Options (Custom Only)


For Custom installations, you can specify several installation options, depending on your platform.

Windows Systems

On Windows, the Installation Options dialog box lets you choose whether to put shortcuts for starting MATLAB software in the Start menu and on the desktop.
After selecting installation options, click Next to proceed with the installation.

Linux Systems

On Linux systems, you can specify whether you want to create symbolic links to the matlab and mex scripts. Specify a folder to which you have write access and that is common to all your user's paths, such as /usr/local/bin .
After selecting installation options, click Next to proceed with the installation.

Step 9: Confirm Your Choices and Begin Copying Files

Before it begins copying files to your hard disk, the installer displays a summary of your installation choices. To change a setting, clickBack. To proceed with the installation, click Install.
As it copies files to your hard drive, the installer displays a status dialog box to show the progress of the installation.

Step 10: Complete the Installation


When the installation successfully completes, the installer displays the Installation Complete dialog box. In this dialog box, you can choose to activate the software you just installed. You cannot use the software you installed until you activate it. MathWorks recommends activating immediately after installation. Click Next to proceed with activation.
If you choose to exit the installer without performing activation, clear the Activate MATLAB option and click Finish (the button label changes). You can activate later using the activation application.

Step 11: Activate Your Installation


Because you were not logged in to your MathWorks Account during installation, or you started the activation application independently, you must choose whether to activate automatically or manually. Select the Activate manually without the Internet option and click Next.

Step 12: Specify the Path to the License File


To activate without an Internet connection, you must have a License File. The License File identifies which products you can run. The administrator contact on the license can retrieve the License File from the License Center at the MathWorks Web site. Select the Enter the path to the License File option and enter the full path of your License File in the text box (or drag and drop the file) and click Next
If you do not have your License File, select the I do not have a license file option and click Next to get information about how to retrieve a License File.

If You Do Not Have a License File


If you are activating manually and do not have your License File, the License File Retrieval dialog box explains how to get your License File and finish activation. The dialog box displays the information you will need to get your License File, including:
  • Host ID
  • Release number (for example, R2013a)
  • Operating system user name (Note that user names are case-sensitive in activation.)
Save the information displayed in this dialog box. For example, you can print a copy by clicking Print. Take the information to a computer with an Internet connection and visit the License Center at the MathWorks Web site. MathWorks uses this information to generate a File Installation Key and a License File. You must have this information with you when you return to the computer on which you want to install and activate the software. To exit the activation application, click Finish.

Note:   Your installation will not be activated. You cannot run MATLAB until you retrieve your License File.

Step 13: Complete the Activation


After activating your installation, click Finish to exit the activation process.





Source:- www.matworks,in
Hope to see you in next tutorial...!!!!

Written By,

Student @ VIT University

Arduino Micro

Arduino Micro Front

Arduino Micro Rear



Overview

The Arduino Micro is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega32u4 (datasheet), developed in conjunction with Adafruit. It has 20 digital input/output pins (of which 7 can be used as PWM outputs and 12 as analog inputs), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a micro USB connection, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a micro USB cable to get started. It has a form factor that enables it to be easily placed on a breadboard.
The Micro is similar to the Arduino Leonardo in that the ATmega32u4 has built-in USB communication, eliminating the need for a secondary processor. This allows the Micro to appear to a connected computer as a mouse and keyboard, in addition to a virtual (CDC) serial / COM port. It also has other implications for the behavior of the board.

Summary

MicrocontrollerATmega32u4
Operating Voltage5V
Input Voltage (recommended)7-12V
Input Voltage (limits)6-20V
Digital I/O Pins20
PWM Channels7
Analog Input Channels12
DC Current per I/O Pin40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin50 mA
Flash Memory32 KB (ATmega32u4) of which 4 KB used by bootloader
SRAM2.5 KB (ATmega32u4)
EEPROM1 KB (ATmega32u4)
Clock Speed16 MHz

Schematic & Reference Design

Power

The Arduino Micro can be powered via the micro USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is selected automatically.
External (non-USB) power can come either from a DC power supply or battery. Leads from a battery or DC power supply can be connected to the Gnd and Vin pins.
The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.
The power pins are as follows:
  • VI. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin.
  • 5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components on the board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or be supplied by USB or another regulated 5V supply.
  • 3V. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.
  • Ground pins.

Memory

The ATmega32u4 has 32 KB (with 4 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2.5 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).

Input and Output

Each of the 20 digital i/o pins on the Micro can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:
  • Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data using the ATmega32U4 hardware serial capability. Note that on the Micro, the Serial class refers to USB (CDC) communication; for TTL serial on pins 0 and 1, use the Serial1 class.
  • TWI: 2 (SDA) and 3 (SCL). Support TWI communication using the Wire library.
  • External Interrupts: 0(RX), 1(TX), 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.
  • PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 13. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
  • SPI: on the ICSP header. These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library. Note that the SPI pins are not connected to any of the digital I/O pins as they are on the Arduino Uno, they are only available on the ICSP connector and on the nearby pins labelled MISO, MOSI and SCK.
  • RX_LED/SS This is an additional pin with respect to the Leonardo. It is connected to the RX_LED that indicates the activity of transmission during USB communication, but is can also used as slave select pin (SS) in SPI communication.
  • LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
  • Analog Inputs: A0-A5, A6 - A11 (on digital pins 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12). The Micro has a total of 12 analog inputs, pins from A0 to A5 are labelled directly on the pins and the other ones that you can access in code using the constants from A6 trough A11 are shared respectively on digital pins 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12. All of which can also be used as digital I/O. Each analog input provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default the analog inputs measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function.
There are a couple of other pins on the board:
  • AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
  • Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.

Pinout

Arduino Micro Diagram
Pin Mapping of the Arduino Micro displays the complete functioning for all the pins, to use them as in the Leonardo.

Communication

The Micro has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega32U4 provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). The 32U4 also allows for serial (CDC) communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on the computer. The chip also acts as a full speed USB 2.0 device, using standard USB COM drivers. On Windows, a .inf file is required. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1).
A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Micro's digital pins.
The ATmega32U4 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus. For SPI communication, use the SPI library.
The Micro appears as a generic keyboard and mouse, and can be programmed to control these input devices using the Keyboard and Mouse classes.

Programming

The Micro can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). Select "Arduino Micro from the Tools > Board menu.
The ATmega32U4 on the Arduino Micro comes pre-burned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the AVR109 protocol.
You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header.

Automatic (Software) Reset and Bootloader Initiation

Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Micro is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. The reset is triggered when the Micro's virtual (CDC) serial / COM port is opened at 1200 baud and then closed. When this happens, the processor will reset, breaking the USB connection to the computer (meaning that the virtual serial / COM port will disappear). After the processor resets, the bootloader starts, remaining active for about 8 seconds. The bootloader can also be initiated by pressing the reset button on the Micro. Note that when the board first powers up, it will jump straight to the user sketch, if present, rather than initiating the bootloader.
Because of the way the Micro handles reset it's best to let the Arduino software try to initiate the reset before uploading, especially if you are in the habit of pressing the reset button before uploading on other boards. If the software can't reset the board you can always start the bootloader by pressing the reset button on the board.

USB Overcurrent Protection

The Micro has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB ports from shorts and overcurrent. Although most computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse provides an extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port, the fuse will automatically break the connection until the short or overload is removed.

Physical Characteristics

The maximum length and width of the Micro PCB are 4.8cm and 1.77cm respectively, with the USB connector extending beyond the former dimension. The layout allows for easy placement on a solderless breadboard..

Arduino Leonardo

Arduino Leonardo Rear

Arduino Leonardo Front




Overview

The Arduino Leonardo is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega32u4 (datasheet). It has 20 digital input/output pins (of which 7 can be used as PWM outputs and 12 as analog inputs), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a micro USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
The Leonardo differs from all preceding boards in that the ATmega32u4 has built-in USB communication, eliminating the need for a secondary processor. This allows the Leonardo to appear to a connected computer as a mouse and keyboard, in addition to a virtual (CDC) serial / COM port. 

Summary

MicrocontrollerATmega32u4
Operating Voltage5V
Input Voltage (recommended)7-12V
Input Voltage (limits)6-20V
Digital I/O Pins20
PWM Channels7
Analog Input Channels12
DC Current per I/O Pin40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin50 mA
Flash Memory32 KB (ATmega32u4) of which 4 KB used by bootloader
SRAM2.5 KB (ATmega32u4)
EEPROM1 KB (ATmega32u4)
Clock Speed16 MHz

Schematic & Reference Design

Power

The Arduino Leonardo can be powered via the micro USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is selected automatically.
External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.
The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.
The power pins are as follows:
  • VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.
  • 5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components on the board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or be supplied by USB or another regulated 5V supply.
  • 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.
  • GND. Ground pins.
  • IOREF. The voltage at which the i/o pins of the board are operating (i.e. VCC for the board). This is 5V on the Leonardo.

Memory

The ATmega32u4 has 32 KB (with 4 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2.5 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).

Input and Output

Each of the 20 digital i/o pins on the Leonardo can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:
  • Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data using the ATmega32U4 hardware serial capability. Note that on the Leonardo, the Serial class refers to USB (CDC) communication; for TTL serial on pins 0 and 1, use the Serial1 class.
  • TWI: 2 (SDA) and 3 (SCL). Support TWI communication using the Wire library.
  • External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.
  • PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 13. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
  • SPI: on the ICSP header. These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library. Note that the SPI pins are not connected to any of the digital I/O pins as they are on the Uno, They are only available on the ICSP connector. This means that if you have a shield that uses SPI, but does NOT have a 6-pin ICSP connector that connects to the Leonardo's 6-pin ICSP header, the shield will not work.
  • LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
  • Analog Inputs: A0-A5, A6 - A11 (on digital pins 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12). The Leonardo has 12 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A11, all of which can also be used as digital i/o. Pins A0-A5 appear in the same locations as on the Uno; inputs A6-A11 are on digital i/o pins 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12 respectively. Each analog input provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default the analog inputs measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function.
There are a couple of other pins on the board:
  • AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
  • Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.

Communication

The Leonardo has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega32U4 provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). The 32U4 also allows for serial (CDC) communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on the computer. The chip also acts as a full speed USB 2.0 device, using standard USB COM drivers. On Windows, a .inf file is required. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1).
A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Leonardo's digital pins.
The ATmega32U4 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus. For SPI communication, use the SPI library.
The Leonardo appears as a generic keyboard and mouse, and can be programmed to control these input devices using the Keyboard and Mouse classes.

Programming

The Leonardo can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). Select "Arduino Leonardo from the Tools > Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board).
The ATmega32U4 on the Arduino Leonardo comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the AVR109 protocol.
You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header.

Automatic (Software) Reset and Bootloader Initiation

Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Leonardo is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. The reset is triggered when the Leonardo's virtual (CDC) serial / COM port is opened at 1200 baud and then closed. When this happens, the processor will reset, breaking the USB connection to the computer (meaning that the virtual serial / COM port will disappear). After the processor resets, the bootloader starts, remaining active for about 8 seconds. The bootloader can also be initiated by pressing the reset button on the Leonardo. Note that when the board first powers up, it will jump straight to the user sketch, if present, rather than initiating the bootloader.
Because of the way the Leonardo handles reset it's best to let the Arduino software try to initiate the reset before uploading, especially if you are in the habit of pressing the reset button before uploading on other boards. If the software can't reset the board you can always start the bootloader by pressing the reset button on the board.

USB Overcurrent Protection

The Leonardo has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB ports from shorts and overcurrent. Although most computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse provides an extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port, the fuse will automatically break the connection until the short or overload is removed.

Physical Characteristics

The maximum length and width of the Leonardo PCB are 2.7 and 2.1 inches respectively, with the USB connector and power jack extending beyond the former dimension. Four screw holes allow the board to be attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins.